: Explicitly stated in Article II of the Constitution (e.g., the power to veto, appoint federal judges, and serve as Commander-in-Chief).
: A single president can act with more decision, activity, secrecy, and speed than a committee or council.
Alexander Hamilton argued that a "vigorous" and "energetic" executive is essential for a steady administration of laws and national security.
: International agreements that do not require Senate approval.
: Using the "bully pulpit" to influence Congress and the public. 3. Historical Evolution